Alaouite Dynasty at the big bargain site

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{| style="float:right; margin:1em 1em 1em 1em; width:16em; border: 1px solid #a0a0a0; padding: 3px; bg-color=yellow; text-align:right;"|- style="text-align:center;"|- bgcolor="lightblue" align="center"|Moroccan Ruling Dynasties|- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;"|Idrisid dynasty (780-974)] dynasty (987-1070)|- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;"|Almoravid dynasty (1073-1147)] dynasty (1147-1269) |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;"|Marinid dynasty (1258-1420)] dynasty (1420-1547) |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;"|Saadi Dynasty dynasty (1554-1659)|- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;"|Alaouite Dynasty dynasty (1666- current)|- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;"|}

The Alaouite Dynasty is the name of the current Morocco royal family. The name Alaouite comes from the Ali of its founder Moulay Ali Cherif who became Sultan of Tafilalt in 1631. His son Al-Rashid of Morocco (1664-1672) was able to unite and pacify the country.

Descendance The Alaouite family claim descent from Muslim prophet Muhammad through the line of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima Zahra (Muhammad's daughter). ˤAlī ibn Abī-Tālib was the fourth successor (Khalifah) to Muhammad.

Conquest According to some legends the Alaouites entered Morocco at the end of the 13th Century when Al Hassan Addakhil, who lived then in the town of Yanbu in the Hejaz, was brought to Morocco by the inhabitants of Tafilalet to be their Imam. They were hoping that, as he was a Sharif, his presence would help to improve their date palm crops thanks to his barakah (an Islamic term meaning a sense of divine presence or charisma; "blessing"). His descendants began to increase their power in southern Morocco after the death of the Saadi Dynasty Ahmad I al-Mansur (1578-1603).

In 1659, the last sultan of the Saadi Dynasty was overthrown in the conquest of Marrakech by Al-Rashid of Morocco (1664-1672). After the victory over the zawiya of Dila (Morocco), who controlled northern Morocco, he was able to unite and pacify the country.

The organization of the kingdom developed under Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672-1727), who, against the opposition of local tribes began to create a unified state. Because the Alaouites, in contrast to previous dynasties, did not have the support of a single Berber people or Bedouin tribe, Isma'īl controlled Morocco through an army of black slaves. With these soldiers he drove the England from Tangiers (1684) and the Spain from Larache (1689.) However, the unity of Morocco did not survive his death - in the ensuing power struggles the tribes became a political and military force once again.

Only with Mohammed III of Morocco (1757-1790) could the kingdom be pacified again and the administration reorganized. A renewed attempt at centralization was abandoned and the tribes allowed to preserve their autonomy. Under Abderrahmane of Morocco (1822-1859) Morocco fell under the influence of the European powers. When Morocco supported the Algerian independence movement of the Emir Abd al-Qadir, it was heavily defeated by the France in 1844 and made to abandon its support.

From Mohammed IV of Morocco (1859-1873) and Hassan I of Morocco (1873-1894) the Alaouites tried to foster trading links, above all with European countries and the United States of America. The army and administration were also modernised, to improve control over the Berber and Bedouin tribes. With the war against Spain (1859-1860) came direct involvement in European affairs - although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed in the Conference of Madrid (1880), the French gained ever greater influence. German attempts to counter this growing influence led to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905-1906 and the Second Moroccan Crisis (1911.) Eventually the Moroccans were forced to recognise the French Protectorate on December 3, 1912. At the same time the Rif area of northern Morocco was given up to Spain.

Under the protectorate (1912-1956) the infrastructure was invested in heavily in order to link the cities of the Atlantic coast to the hinterland, thus creating a single economic area for Morocco. However the regime faced the opposition of the tribes - when the Berber were required to come under the jurisdiction of French courts in 1930 it marked the beginning of the independence movement. In 1944, the independence party Istiqlal Party was founded, supported by the Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco (1927-1961). Although banned in 1953, France was obliged to grant Morocco independence on March 2, 1956, leaving behind them a legacy of urbanisation and the beginnings of an industrial economy.

See also